An accurate calibration of inertial measurement unit errors is increasingly important as the inertial navigation system requirements become more stringent. Developing calibration methods that use as less as possible of IMU signals has 6-DOF gimballed IMU in space-stabilized mode is presented. It is considered as held stationary in the test location incorporating 15 di...

Automatic image measuring is to identify and to measure conjugate points in two or more overlapping photographs automatically. In digital photogrammetry, this process is done by image matching. A straightforward way to make image matching well-posed is to restrict the space of possible solutions and provide good initial parallax. Initial parallax is related to the searching space. The better th...

Figure 1 represents the paradigm of laser scanning. A paradigm as generally known focuses on the basics and ignores minor matters. The paradigm of laser scanning can be characterised in the following way: • A bundle of 3D-vectors, positioned by GPS and oriented by IMU • Active sensors Figure 2 illustrates the paradigm of Stereo-Photogrammetry and can be characterized by: • 2 directed bundles, w...

This paper presents methods to calibrate and compensate for non-zero biases, non-unit scale factors, axis misalignments and cross-axis sensitivities of both the tri-axial accelerometer and gyroscopic setups in a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) based inertial measurement unit (IMU). These methods depend on the Earth’s gravity as a stable physical calibration standard. Specifically, the c...

The European Organisation for Experimental Photogrammetric Research (OEEPE) has embarked on a test investigating integrated sensor orientation using GPS and IMU in comparison and in combination with aerial triangulation. The test consists of two phases. The first phase comprises the system calibration and the determination of the exterior orientation parameters. The second phase deals with the ...

An inevitable task before direct georeferencing can be performed is the calibration of the GPS/IMU system and the imaging sensor. The permanent calibration fields for largeand medium-scale (1:3 300 – 1:16 000) system calibration constructed by Finnish Geodetic Institute are described in this article. Theoretical results concerning the effect of block structure on the accuracy and determinabilit...

in this research, four different positioning methods were compared in order to evaluate their accuracy, using a remotely controlled robot on a specific route. these methods included: using a single gps module, combining the data from three gps modules, using an inertial measurement unit (imu), and gps/imu data fusion. the comparison of these four methods showed that gps/imu data fusion along wi...